Is parmesan lactose-free?

No, parmesan is not lactose-free. It can, however, depending on the ageing process, contain only trace amounts. Some parmesan varieties are matured for so long that almost all their lactose, or milk sugar, breaks down. But, to make sure it is completely lactose-free, check the product label.

Regardless of the lactose levels, parmesan is known for its rich, sharp flavour. It opens with nutty tones and hints of browned butter before finishing with a sharper, saltier aftertaste that perfectly rounds out the eating experience.

You are probably already familiar with scrumptious Italian parmesan, more formally known as Parmigiano-Reggiano. The hard cheese is very popular and traditionally made with cow's milk and aged for at least 12 months. This is why it is described as an aged or matured cheese as opposed to a fresh one. Due to its PDO status, it may only be produced in certain Italian regions using specific production methods.

Lactose content in parmesan

Parmesan contains lower amounts of lactose ranging between 0-3 %. That means, there are 0-3 grams of lactose per 100 grams of cheese. This content can vary based on the ageing process, which might range from 12 to 36 months, depending on the desired flavour and texture. It can also vary depending on the brand.

The cheesemaking process, especially the maturation period, can influence lactose levels. In the case of parmesan, the longer it is matured, the closer the lactose levels get to zero. The maturation process is crucial in making parmesan into the cheese we love in all kinds of dishes. As the cheese matures, bacterial cultures flourish and feed on the milk sugar, transforming it into lactic acid. This conversion is what gives the cheese its distinctive flavour.

So, the rule of thumb is that the longer the cheese matures, the lower its lactose content. While some parmesan might be aged for a modest 12 months, others can be matured for up to 70 months.

Is all parmesan cheese lactose-free?

No, only parmesan that has actively had its lactose removed is lactose-free. However, what constitutes 'lactose-free' differs from country to country. So, if you want to make sure to avoid lactose altogether, check your local rules and regulations as well as the labelling to make sure a certain product is completely free from lactose.

Is grated parmesan cheese lactose-free?

It depends on the product you use. Grating the popular Italian cheese, or any other type of cheese for that matter, does not change its inherent qualities. This means that no matter how you treat it after it has been produced, the level of lactose in parmesan will remain the same.

The same salty deliciousness

Parmesan, regardless of its lactose content, is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of dishes. Since it has the same great nutty and salty flavour as well as characteristic granular, flaky texture both with and without lactose, you can use it in all the same ways.

It is a staple in Italian cuisine and may, to great success, be used in pasta dishes, risotto, and sauces. Lactose-free parmesan also works well in salads, as a topping on pizza, and as a garnish for soups. Even its hard, chewy rinds can be used for cooking. Use it to infuse olive oil with savoury goodness or add it to soups, stews, and sauces to enhance their depth and provide a salty richness.

It is also ideal as a part of a delectable cheese board served with other cheeses, fresh and dried fruits, nuts, and bread for a mix of flavours and textures.

If you want to discover other cheeses to add to your cheese board, read our article ‘What is lactose-free cheese?’ with all our favourite varieties from fresh to aged cheeses.